For example, a wavefront could be the surface over which the wave has a maximum the crest of a water wave, for example or a minimum the trough of the same wave value. Wavefronts and rays as characteristics and asymptotics. The reflection, refraction, and diffraction of waves were first introduced in unit 10 of the physics classroom tutorial. Waves can pass through other waves, like ripples on a pond, with their combined amplitude the sum of the individual dispacements at any one time the principle of superposition. Now we will see how light waves demonstrate their wave nature by reflection, refraction and diffraction. The physics of waves howard georgi harvard university originally published by prentice hall englewood cliffs, new jersey 07632. To understand huygens construction it is important to know the relation between wavefronts and rays. Waves that pass through a substance are vibrations which pass through that substance. This is a good approximation for the doppler shift of electromagnetic waves. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the question paper. Any two points on a wave are said to be in phase when they have completed identical fractions of their periodic motion. Manage your own revision with stepbystep support from experienced examiner and author richard woodside.
This new edition of mastering physics has been completely updated and rewritten to give all the information needed to learn and master the essentials of physics. The best physics o level notes compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Wavefronts a wavefront is a surface over which an optical wave has a constant phase. Physics 970202 paper 2 mayjune 2004 1 hour candidates answer on the question paper. Light and sound waves have been observed traveling in many ways, including reflecting and deflecting. Waves and vibrations physics alevel physics alevel. A wavefront represents the leading edge of one complete wave. So the perpendicular distance between two wavefronts represents one wavelength. Cambridge international as and a level physics book pdf free download 2nd edition. The same shift is observed for moving source or moving. Waves in which the direction of the vibrating particles is. Reflection occurs when there is a bouncing off of a barrier. Cambridge international examinations cambridge international. Cambridge assessment international education cambridge.
Did you know that xrays can be diffracted by the gaps between atoms in crystal structures, so by analysing the diffraction patterns we can work out the shape of the crystal structure. The diagram shows a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass block. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Apr 08, 2015 the best physics as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. The reason for this pattern is explained in interference and superposition.
Wavessuch as these water wavesspread outward from a source. Overall, then, the formula relating the curvature of the wavefronts. Sound waves, seismic waves and waves on strings are known as mechanical waves. This new edition follows the syllabus exactly and is written in two parts, reflecting the as and a level section division of the. Pdf wavefronts and rays as characteristics and asymptotics. A page of notes for every lesson covering the aqa physics a syllabus. Gce o level physics notes mini physics learn physics. Coherent sources are monochromatic with wavefronts continuous. Wave front, imaginary surface representing corresponding points of a wave that vibrate in unison. Oscillations are periodic motions which center around an equilibrium position. Physics is the scientific study of matter and energy and how they interact with each other. Since em waves travel in a vacuum the equations governing the shift are different. In unit 11 of the physics classroom tutorial, the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of sound waves was discussed.
I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. Diffraction, interference and superposition scool, the. Well they can, but they can also store energy and not go anywhere at all. Find the distance between identical wave fronts by changing the. Transverse waves have their applications in many areas of physics. The bending of the path is an observable behavior when the medium is a two or threedimensional medium. Physics 970221 paper 2 as structured questions octobernovember 2010 1 hour. The index of refraction is the same for medium1 the incidence angle is the same in all the three cases. In an em wave for example an electric and magnetic wave field oscillate and dont need any medium to do so i.
Apr 08, 2018 the best physics o level notes compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Jan 18, 2010 n35081a0724 7 turn over use the diagram below for questions 9 and 10. Dec 04, 2011 reflection, refraction and diffraction are all boundary behaviors of waves associated with the bending of the path of a wave. The best physics o level notes o and a level notes. Pdf i thought i knew everything i needed to know about characteristics and their role in. You may be familiar with the rectilinear theory of light that purports that light travels along straight paths. It is a selfcontained, clearly explained course for individual study or classroom use which requires no prior knowledge. For a list of the major specialist physics topics we offer degree level physics tuition in, please visit the university physics tuition page. Spherical wavefront spherical wave intensity decreases.
When identical waves having a common origin travel through a homogeneous medium, the corresponding crests and troughs at any instant are in phase. There are two important special cases of wavefronts. Measuring the phase velocity of twisted wavefronts arxiv. The distance between successive wave fronts is the wavelength. Wave phenomena in the ripple tank instructional physics. The o level physics content here is equivalent to the physics required to obtain american high school diploma.
Examples of transverse waves include seismic s secondary waves, and the motion of the electric e and magnetic m fields in an electromagnetic plane waves, which both oscillate perpendicularly to each other as well as to the direction of energy transfer. The spreading out of the wave around an obstacle, or the spreading out of a wave as it goes through a slit. University of cambridge international examinations general. Overall, then, the formula relating the curvature of the wavefronts leaving a lens to the curvature of the wavefronts entering it is. Modern physics maxwells equations could not explain. The above aqa definition is inaccurate because waves dont necessarily need particles or media plural of medium to propagate. The data are analysed in terms of amplitude fading distributions, level. Alevel physics advancing physicslenses wikibooks, open.
Read these instructions first write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Physics 970221 paper 2 as structured questions mayjune 2011 1 hour candidates answer on the question paper. Basic numeracy skills tuition for adults, including online tests many application procedures demand you sit a test set by shl or similar. Sound waves in air are created by making a surface vibrate so it sends compression waves through the surrounding air.
Clear coverage of the latest specification from an experienced author team of examiners and teachers, plus a free students cdrom. A ray is simply the direction of travel of a wavefront. A level physics advancing physics lenses 2 the lens equation the lens equation, applied to a single pixel. As it turns out, the schrodinger equation applied to two levels. Longitudinal waves are waves in which the motion of the individual particles of the medium is in a direction that is parallel to the direction of energy transport. Cambridge international examinations cambridge international advanced subsidiary and advanced level physics 970222 paper 2 as level structured questions mayjune 2017 mark scheme maximum mark.
Spectrum of light from blackbody radiation photoelectric effect speed of light is the same in all reference frames. Well consider the simple case of a sine wave in 1 dimension, as shown in figure 1. Centre number candidate number write your name here surname other names total marks paper reference turn over instructions tt use black ink or ballpoint pen. Sep, 2019 a wavefront is an imaginary line or surface that joined all adjacent points which have the same phase of vibration on the wave. The huygens principle and the principle of a wave front physics in 1678, haans christian huygens proposed a theory that revolutionized our understanding of light and its characteristics. University of cambridge international examinations advanced. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Huygens construction, waves from alevel physics tutor. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Construction of wavefronts isotropic materials the figures present three cases for different the index of refraction of medium2. Jan 19, 2020 the notes available here are great for revision and studying on the go. This curriculum was developed for a seniorlevel optics course at. Coherence, path difference and phase difference are really important. If this is too basic for you, you can read up on a level physics equivalent to advanced placement most of the topics have multiplechoice questions mcqs quiz.
Image u b a d c wavelet y 1 2 wavefront ray image u x y b a c. This quiz will assess your understanding of wave diffraction. A level physics revision guide by richard woodside get your best grades with this examfocused text that will guide you through the content and skills you need to prepare for the big day. Physics 970221 paper 2 as level structured questions octobernovember 2019 1 hour 15 minutes candidates answer on the question paper. Standing and stationary waves on a string a level physics. Simple harmonic motion shm is a special type of oscillation.
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